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Drownings in Rivers
Rivers contain hidden hazards, strong currents and dangerous underwater conditions.
Understanding the Context
Rivers are one of Australia’s most dangerous aquatic environments. Hazards include submerged objects, fast currents, steep banks and sudden drop-offs. Water visibility is often poor, making underwater obstacles difficult to detect. People frequently enter rivers to swim, wade or cool off without realising how conditions change rapidly, especially after rainfall or water releases.
Research and Statistics
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Rivers and creeks account for around 34% of all drowning deaths over a long-term analysis period.
An average of 77 people drown each year in rivers, creeks, lakes and dams.
Alcohol is involved in around 37% of all drowning deaths that occur in rivers.
Key Hazards
Currents & Tides
Fast-moving water such as rips, currents or tidal flows that can quickly overpower swimmers.
Sudden Drop-Offs
Deep water or sudden underwater drop-offs where the bottom disappears without warning.
Cold Environments
Cold water, snow or ice that causes cold shock, rapid breathing changes or loss of muscle control.
Unstable Surfaces
Slippery, uneven or unstable surfaces such as rocks, decks or riverbanks that cause unexpected falls.
Submerged Objects
Sharp, hidden or submerged items such as rocks, logs or debris not visible from the surface.
Lighting
Lack of or poor lighting conditions that prevent hazards or swimmers being clearly seen.
Unpatrolled Beaches
Lack of or poor lifeguard supervision at beaches where no trained personnel are present.
Steep or Eroding Banks
Steep, unstable or eroding river or dam edges that collapse underfoot.
Hidden Depth Changes
Depth variations that are sudden or not marked, creating unexpected deep-water areas.
Remote Locations
Lack of or poor access to emergency help due to remote or isolated water locations.
Underestimating Risk
Underestimation of the risk posed by conditions or water environments.
Parental Supervision
Lack of or poor parental supervision of children in or near water.
Rescue Equipment
Lack of or poor rescue equipment such as throw ropes, reach poles or flotation aids.
Signage
Lack of or poor signage that fails to indicate hazards, depth or rules.
How to Stay Safe
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Avoid Swimming at Night
Avoid swimming at night when visibility and rescue options are limited.
Ask for Local Advice
Ask lifeguards or locals for advice about hazards such as rips or currents.
Stay Close to Shore
Stay close to shore when paddling and avoid offshore winds or strong currents.
Avoid Diving into Unknown Water
Avoid diving or jumping into rivers, lakes or dams where depth is unknown.
Choose Safe Entry Points
Choose safe entry points and enter water slowly and feet-first.
Tell Someone Your Plans
Tell someone where you are going and when you expect to return.
Know Your Limits
Know your swimming ability and stay within your depth and comfort.
Check the Conditions
Check the weather, water movement, waves, water depth, and wind conditions before entering the water.
Provide Adult Supervision
Always provide constant, close, active adult supervision within arm’s reach around any water.
